A consultant microbiologist at a hospital trust serving Elmbridge has urged parents to take steps to protect themselves and their children if they visit a farm or petting zoo this summer.

Dr John Clarke, who works at Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, warned that farm animals can carry a number of infections that may be harmful.

“That can include the bacterial infection E. coli O157, which can cause severe diarrhoea, nausea, fever and in rare cases, can be fatal,” he said.

“E.coli is a particular health risk, especially for children under five, as they are more vulnerable to the infection and more likely to develop serious illness once infected.”

Animals can carry the E. coli O157 infection even when they appear clean and healthy, he said, with cattle, sheep and goats being the main recognised carriers.

The bacteria can be found in droppings and may be on animals’ bodies, as well as fences and surfaces, he added.

“Touching animals, fences and other surfaces can lead to infection, as you may pick up these bacteria and accidentally pass them to your mouth,” said Dr Clarke.

“It only takes a small number of the bacteria to cause infection.

“But, by following some simple rules, you can significantly reduce the risk of picking up the infection and can enjoy your day outdoors without worry.”

He issued the following advice:

- Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water immediately after you have had contact with animals. Hand gels or wipes are not a substitute for washing your hands with running water.

- Do not put hands on faces or fingers in mouths while petting animals or walking round the farm.

- Do not kiss farm animals nor allow children to put their faces close to animals.

- Do not eat or drink while touching animals or walking round the farm.

- Do not eat anything that has fallen on the floor.

- Do wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water before eating or drinking.

- Remove and clean boots or shoes that might have become soiled and clean pushchair wheels. Then wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water.

Anyone who is sick or has diarrhoea within two weeks of visiting a farm is advised to contact their GP or call NHS Direct on 0845 4647 as soon as possible.

Anyone who has bloody diarrhea - particularly a young child – is urged to seek immediate emergency medical attention.